M. Yamin Panca Setia

Land for Social Justice

THE chief of National Land Agency Joyo Winoto revealed, Indonesia’s land became as minority ownership. Land has became asset concentration for a several people.

About one percent from total Indonesian people gains controlled until 56 percent state at Indonesian, and about 62 until 87 percents in land kind.

That problem founded in many locate at Indonesia.

“That’s basic structur problem,” Winoto said. Land for social justice must allotted for all Indonesian people. That problem appeared because Indonesian have not law to arrange and allotted land for poverty community.

Winoto showed one solution that method to make increase people asset by injection 18,5 million hectare and 1,1 million hectare. That way can to pressure difference asset land consentration. According to her, according Land Constitution, section 18, the government must take land became asset state is most importantly. But, performed and implementation the goverment role No.36/1997, can’t effective.

The government role also needed revision to make more consistence with constitions of agrarian.

Based on Constitution No.56/1960, someone can be as ownership no more 7 hectares. But, ownership rule for corporate is difference.

According to Agrarian’s Minister regulation, proverty land can’t coup by firm, but only efforted utilized and building right for vesture such as Used to Business (HGU). For one company, they just used 20.000 hectare, but in Indonesian maximum 100 thousand hectares.

To find solutions about ownership land, mastery, farm enterpasing, and duration rights, Winoto said, government and parliament must make common consensus by new constitutions. "We will to propose land constitutions as fundamental basics from constitutions. That arranged about land reform to make growth social justice principle," he said.

Joyo added, others problem about land conflict that happened all countries in the world since law problem and farm management, administration process, mapping, and great many aught cause a conflict. ”That problem must settled. Most importantly to arrange politics about land.”

One big project organized by National Land Agency is made succesed land reform with new performance. In the land reform, the government must setting again about exploitation, mastery and land ownership, settling poverty, unemployment, land dispute that sistemic at exhaustive Indonesia, and increases food robustness and society energy.

Land reform also develop life and environmentally quality, and increasing society access land to be economic source.

The land reform was began at Blitar, East Java. The government distributed 2151 hectare land given for 12.001 families at 27 orchards and five districts.

The government’s schedule already has designed. The government will step to allocate farm 8,15 million hectares to distribute for 17 provinces with 104 regencies.

The government also allocated 1,1 million hectare that indigenous other source, as of soiled excess maximum, land absentee already been establish constitution but distribute not yet.

The Secretary General of Land Renewal Consortium (KPA) Usep setiawan said, the government must made land reform be success cause Indonesia people have long time waiting that program can made chance poverty people cause they haven’t land asset as economic source.

”Land reform is a strategic agenda to answer aboveground people problem and another welfare source,” he allegedly.

But, Usep reminded, land refom perform can be maximal if involves many party. The government and others representation people organization like farmer organization must involved. Land reform also must leading by President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono. President has been making policy that allocated land used methode step by step about 8,15 million hectare.

The National Land Body has consulted with Commission II The House of Representative, Supreme Court, The Coordinator of Economics Minister, The Coordinator Minister of Walfare People, and The Minister of Finance, The Minister of Forest, The Minister of Agriculture, The Minister of Defence and Security, military commander, The Head of Indonesia Police and national intelligent institution.

”I also has been communication with nongovernment organizations, land reform group, and farmer group. All of them included in process,” said Joyo.

The National Land Agency also has formed Measurement Deputy and mapping to get things square data.

The National Land Agency also will manage land law as problem passes one special institute which Council land reform that Presidential chairman, executor chairman carried by The Head of National land Institution and also include several member ministers.

In the province level, the board leader by governor, and in regency and city level leader by regent and mayor.

The board’s responsible to design policy, operation control, observation, evaluation, management and finances institution center, province, regency and district.

”Its members were exposed, there is development activator (LSM), academician, and control mechanism.

In implementations, the National Land Body perform plus land reform. The plus land reform is land reform and reform's revaluation one given direct to people.

Land reform are distribution or land retribution to people base land constitutions. While reform's revaluation whatever available government effort gives to clear a root, and mechanism to that people get earth for living.

He add, in the land reform also pressured are capital, tecnology, training, market and development society capacity.

Land reform also must finished problem society, include are jobless, poverty, land conflict and social conflict, asset concentrate, owner land, enviroment degradation, sustanabilty food and energy society. That are structure problems.

But no easy to settle land problem in this country cause many problems enlaces at land Indonesian sector.

The land reform believed can answer that problem. But, that program needed commitment from all stakeholder to arrange politics and land law that advance social justice principle for all Indonesia people. “In land reform, most importantly is arrange politics and land law to get social justice for all Indonesia people,” said Joyo.

Otherwise shortly been responded politics support pass and commitment to fix land law, therefore that complexity will continually arise social problem which is poverty and vulnerable food robustness and society family energy.

”That problem pile from colonial era or development process that of day goes to day be let to pile,” said Winoto.

Until now, Indonesia has whole corridor one solves earth problem at Indonesian. In consequence, he emphasizes to need it available consensus with deep answer earth problem.

Politics land reform restrained directly by Presidential that begins by distributes farm to people so lameness will pressured farm ownership.

In its performing, Joyo say, there is four executed land reforma type at severally state. First, perform radically, whereabouts rich person earth taken for all people. But that approach baffled, needs requisite and far precondition wider.

The second, restitution of land right which is big earth ownership taken by constitution pass state but given by compensation.

”This also fails mostly.” Third, land colonization at region. “Indonesia didn’t follow it. Fourth, market based is land reform. ”This mechanism is more simple, but our needs soiled markets to open land transactionses.”

That approach, he allegedly, can amends but not troubleshoot since largely Indonesian society still so alarmed by happening again earth concentration to them what does have ability in transacts.

Winoto said, if four incompatible approachings, therefore approaching most importantly is set asset concentration problem passes land reform by readjusts politics and land law.

M. Yamin Panca Setia

Photo: Tempo